Chatbot para el aprendizaje de la historia y arqueología de Machu Picchu

En esta investigación se realizó el desarrollo y la implementación de un chatbot para el aprendizaje de la historia y arqueología de Machu Picchu, el cual se identificó como problemática el bajo nivel de conocimiento de las personas referente al tema señalado. En ese contexto, el objetivo general planteado fue determinar el efecto del uso del chatbot en el aprendizaje, a través del aplicativo se logró aportar información confiable recopilada de fuentes oficiales, la cual tuvo como principal motivo fortalecer el desarrollo cognitivo de los usuarios permitiendo así contribuir en el aporte de conocimiento para la mejora de una sociedad culturizada. El desarrollo de esta aplicación ha sido posible en la medida que se utilizaron herramientas gratuitas disponibles para el lenguaje de programación en JavaScript. El tipo de estudio fue aplicado con enfoque cuantitativo y el diseño pre-experimental, también se contó con una muestra de 35 personas quienes tuvieron un dispositivo móvil con acceso a internet y con una cuenta en Facebook Messenger los cuales fueron participes de las interacciones con el chatbot. Se ha utilizado el cuestionario para medir el nivel de aprendizaje mediante un test de entrada y salida basado en conocimientos sobre el tema, del mismo modo la motivación hacia el aprendizaje y la satisfacción con el aprendizaje. Los resultados obtenidos han sido favorables, ya que después de un periodo de uso del chatbot se consiguió incrementar el conocimiento de los usuarios en 79.32%, la motivación hacia el aprendizaje en 66.53% y la satisfacción con el aprendizaje en 75.30%. Finalmente, se recomendó a futuras investigaciones mejorar el tiempo de respuestas, mantener la integridad de la información y la disponibilidad del agente. Además, se enfatizó en trabajar con algoritmos relacionados a redes neuronales, como también la disponibilidad para varios idioma

Kissing molars extraction: case series and review of the literature

Kissing molars are a very rare form of inclusion defined as molars included in the same quadrant, with occlusal surfaces contacting each other within a single dental follicle. We present four cases of this pathology: a 35 year-old male, referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Hospital Virgen del Rocio in Seville, and three females of 24, 26, and 31 years, all of which had kissing molars that were treated by tooth extraction. We have found only 10 cases published in the medical literature in which this type of inclusion is briefly described, none of which elaborate on the surgical technique employed. In these cases, the indication for surgery is established when there is a history of recurring infections or cystic lesions associated with dental inclusions. The extraction of kissing molars requires an exhaustive comprehension of the anatomy of the region involved, sufficiently developed surgical abilities, and an extensive planning proces

Preclinical models of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI): Moving towards prediction

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) encompasses the unexpected harms that pre- scription and non-prescription drugs, herbal and dietary supplements can cause to the liver. iDILI remains a major public health problem and a major cause of drug attrition. Given the lack of biomarkers for iDILI prediction, diagnosis and prognosis, searching new models to predict and study mechanisms of iDILI is necessary. One of the major limitations of iDILI preclinical assessment has been the lack of correlation between the markers of hepatotoxicity in animal toxicological studies and clinically significant iDILI. Thus, major advances in the understanding of iDILI susceptibility and pathogenesis have come from the study of well-phenotyped iDILI patients. However, there are many gaps for explaining all the complexity of iDILI susceptibility and mechanisms. Therefore, there is a need to optimize preclinical hu- man in vitro models to reduce the risk of iDILI during drug development. Here, the current experimental models and the future directions in iDILI modelling are thoroughly discussed, focusing on the human cellular models available to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and the most used in vivo animal iDILI models. We also comment about in silico approaches and the increasing relevance of patient-derived cellular models.This work was supported by grants of Instituto de Salud Carlos III cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER (contract numbers: PI18/01804, PI19-00883, PT20/00127, UMA18-FEDERJA-194, PY18-3364, Spain) and grants of Consejería de Salud de Andalucía cofounded by FEDER (contract number: PEMP-0127-2020, Spain). M.V.P. holds a Sara Borrell (CD21/00198, Spain) research contract from ISCIII and Consejería de Salud de Andalucía. C.L.G. holds a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación (IJCI-2017-31466, Spain) research contract from Ministerio de Ciencia del Gobierno de España. SCReN and CIBERehd are funded by ISCIII (Spain). This publication is based upon work from COST Action “CA17112dProspective European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network” supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology); www.cost.eu. The figures in this review were created with Biorender.com

Multi year aerosol characterization in the tropical Andes and in adjacent Amazonia using AERONET measurements

This work focuses on the analysis of columnar aerosol properties in the complex geophysical tropical region of South America within 10-20 South and 50-70 West. The region is quite varied and encompasses a significant part of Amazonia (lowlands) as well as high mountains in the Andes (highlands,~4000 m a.s.l.). Several AERONET stations were included to study the aerosol optical characteristics of the lowlands (Rio Branco, Ji Parana and Cuiaba in Brazil and Santa Cruz in Bolivia) and the highlands (La Paz, Bolivia) during the 2000-2014 period. Biomass-burning is by far the most important source of aerosol in the lowlands, particularly during the dry season (August-October). Multi-annual variability was investigated and showed very strong burning activity in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2010. This resulted in smoke characterized by correspondingly strong, above-average AODs (aerosol optical depths) and homogeneous single scattering albedo (SSA) across all the stations (~0.93). For other years, however, SSA differences arise between the northern stations (Rio Branco and Ji Parana) with SSAs of ~0.95 and the southern stations (Cuiaba and Santa Cruz) with lower SSAs of ~0.85.Such differences are explained by the different types of vegetation burned in the two different regions. In the highlands, however, the transport of biomass burning smoke is found to be sporadic in nature. This sporadicity results in highly variable indicators of aerosol load and type (Angstrom exponent and fine mode fraction) with moderately significant increases in both. Regional dust and local pollution are the background aerosol in this highland region, whose elevation places it close to the free troposphere. Transported smoke particles were generally found to be more optical absorbing than in the lowlands: the hypothesis to explain this is the significantly higher amount of water vapor in Amazonia relative to the high mountain areas. The air-mass transport to La Paz was investigated using the HYSPLIT air-concentration five-days back trajectories. Two different patterns were clearly differentiated: westerly winds from the Pacific that clean the atmosphere and easterly winds favoring the transport of particles from Amazonia.Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF) ACE_GFAT (grant agreement No 659398).European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 654109, ACTRIS-2

Efecto de la temperatura del medio de enfriamiento por temple sobre las propiedades mecánicas de la aleación TiAl

Se analizaron las propiedades mecánicas sobre muestras de una aleación TiAl que fue solubilizada a 1100°C y enfriada en una aleación fundida o baño metálico con una composición Sn-21Bi estabilizado a tres diferentes temperaturas. Así mismo se analizó el cambio microestructural de la aleación y se evaluaron las propiedades mecánicas que dicho tratamiento generó, realizando ensayos de dureza y compresión, dicho tratamiento logró elevar la dureza hasta 4 veces en relación a la probeta testigo. Sin embargo, la mejor relación entre dureza y tenacidad se logra cuando solo se duplica la dureza y se conserva una buena tenacidad en el ensayo de compresión, esto debido a una microestructura mixta y con un porcentaje de fases alfa-beta equitativo. Esta microestructura es producto de las condiciones específicas durante el enfriamiento, con lo cual se demuestra que no solo hay una relación entre las propiedades mecánicas entre el material y su microestructura, sino también depende del porcentaje de fases presentes.Mechanical properties were analyzed on samples of a TiAl alloy that was solubilized at 1100°C and cooled in a molten alloy or metal bath with a Sn-21Bi composition stabilized at three different temperatures. The microstructural change of the alloy was analyzed and the mechanical properties that said treatment generated were evaluated, performing hardness and compression tests. The metalic bath treatment managed to raise the hardness up to 4 times in relation to the control specimen. However, the best relationship between hardness and toughness is achieved when only the hardness is doubled and a good toughness is retained in the compression test, this due to a mixed microstructure with a percentage of equitable alpha-beta phases. This microstructure is a product of the specific conditions during cooling, which demonstrates that there is not only a relationship between the mechanical properties and its microstructure, but also depends on the percentage of phases present

The ecology of peace : preparing Colombia for new political and planetary climates

ABSTRACT: Colombia, one of the world’s most species-rich nations, is currently undergoing a profound social transition: the end of a decadeslong conflict with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, known as FARC. The peace agreement process will likely transform the country’s physical and socioeconomic landscapes at a time when humans are altering Earth’s atmosphere and climate in unprecedented ways. We discuss ways in which these transformative events will act in combination to shape the ecological and environmental future of Colombia. We also highlight the risks of creating perverse development incentives in these critical times, along with the potential benefits – for the country and the world – if Colombia can navigate through the peace process in a way that protects its own environment and ecosystems

Detección del virus de la hoja amarilla de la caña de azúcar y virus mosaico de la caña de azúcar en sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) en el Estado de Morelos, México

El presente estudio se realizó en los meses de junio-julio del 2017, con el propósito de determinar la presencia de virus asociados al cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Se muestrearon 21 localidades, distribuidas en 10 municipios de los 33 que forman el Estado de Morelos. Se utilizaron dos anticuerpos para detectar las enfermedades Virus de la hoja amarilla de la caña de azúcar (SCYLV) y Virus mosaico de la caña de azúcar (SCMV). Se analizaron muestras de follaje colectadas al azar en cinco puntos de cada campo o parcela. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante el test inmunoenzimático tipo DAS-ELISA (doble anticuerpo), con un set de reactivos AGDIA (2017), con conjugado de fosfatasa alcalina para (SCMV) y el segundo set de reactivos de NANO Diagnostic (2017) “AC Diagnostic” con conjugado fosfatasa alcalina para (SCYLV). Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron presencia de ambas enfermedades virales en el cultivo del sorgo para el estado de Morelos. Con muestras positivas al (SCYLV) y absorbancias altas (1,50 A° y 1,10 A°) en los municipios de Amacuzac y Tequesquitengo respectivamente. Mientras solo dos muestras positivas al (SCMV) fueron detectadas en las localidades de Puente de Ixtla y Yautepec, pero con valores bajos de absorbancia respecto a los controles positivos

Preclinical models of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI): Moving towards prediction

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) encompasses the unexpected harms that prescription and non-prescription drugs, herbal and dietary supplements can cause to the liver. iDILI remains a major public health problem and a major cause of drug attrition. Given the lack of biomarkers for iDILI prediction, diagnosis and prognosis, searching new models to predict and study mechanisms of iDILI is necessary. One of the major limitations of iDILI preclinical assessment has been the lack of correlation between the markers of hepatotoxicity in animal toxicological studies and clinically significant iDILI. Thus, major advances in the understanding of iDILI susceptibility and pathogenesis have come from the study of well-phenotyped iDILI patients. However, there are many gaps for explaining all the complexity of iDILI susceptibility and mechanisms. Therefore, there is a need to optimize preclinical human in vitro models to reduce the risk of iDILI during drug development. Here, the current experimental models and the future directions in iDILI modelling are thoroughly discussed, focusing on the human cellular models available to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and the most used in vivo animal iDILI models. We also comment about in silico approaches and the increasing relevance of patient-derived cellular models.This work was supported by grants of Instituto de Salud Carlos III cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER (contract numbers: PI18/01804, PI19-00883, PT20/00127, 3714 Antonio Segovia-Zafra et al. UMA18-FEDERJA-194, PY18-3364, Spain) and grants of Consejeríaa de Salud de Andalucı ́a cofounded by FEDER (contractnumber: PEMP-0127-2020, Spain). M.V.P. holds a Sara Borrell (CD21/00198, Spain) research contract from ISCIII and Consejerí a de Salud de Andalucía. C.L.G. holds a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación (IJCI-2017-31466, Spain) research contract from Ministerio de Ciencia del Gobierno de España. SCReN and CIBERehd are funded by ISCIII (Spain). This publication is based upon work from COST Action “CA17112dProspective European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network” supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)Ye

Niveles plasmáticos de oxitocina bajo condiciones de estrés y prosociabilidad en el trastorno bipolar: un estudio longitudinal

La oxitocina es un neuropéptido sintetizado en los núcleos paraventricular y supraóptico del hipotálamo que regula diferentes aspectos de la cognición social, la generación de confianza y la conducta de apego. Existe un funcionamiento deficiente en la depresión, asociado a aislamiento social. La manía bipolar se caracteriza por una marcada pro-sociabilidad, facilidad para generar comunicación y conductas de apego, promiscuidad sexual y aumento del discurso verbal. Objetivos: 1. comparar los niveles plasmáticos de OXT bajo condiciones de estrés en pacientes diagnosticados de trastorno bipolar en las fases de manía, eutimia y depresión; 2. Analizar la asociación entre los niveles de OXT bajo condiciones de estrés y la prosociabilidad (medida a través de la cognición social y la valencia positiva a estímulos sociales) en el trastorno bipolar, así como entre niveles de OXT e intensidad sintomática; 3. Comparar los niveles de OXT y vasopresina (AVP) bajo condiciones de estrés en pacientes con trastorno bipolar en fase de manía, eutimia y depresión.Instituto de Salud Carlos III2022-2